Psychological capital is a recent construct arguing that the states (as opposed to dispositional traits) of self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience can be amassed in the individual and converted into commercial gain (Luthans, Avolio, & Youseff, 2007). The exploratory work on psychological capital done thus far suggests that in positive iterations it can enhance workplace performance, individual commitment and satisfaction, and—as a contagion—effect constructive organisational change (Luthans & Youssef, 2004).

The descriptions of psychological capital align closely with benefits of live music attendance identified by consumers.